Q
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Index

6x6x6 palette, 85

A

aberration, 9
accommodation,19
achromatic, 10, 110
active pixel sensor, 36
acuity, 13, 20, 24
adaptation, 18
adaptive equalization, 116
adaptive histogram equalization, 116
adaptive palette, 83
additive color, 3, 53, 72
additive light, 72
aliasing, 94
aligning, 131
aperture mask, 50
APS, see active pixel sensor
area operations, 117-127
artifacts, 153
ascending, 61
aspect ratio, 49
averaging, 126

B

back illuminated device, 35
bands, 56
bandwidth, 80
bank switching, 41
bilevel, 147
binning, 36
bit depth, 93
bit planes, 110
blanking amplifier, 46
bleed, 56
blooming, 35
blue-block, 19
brightness, 11
browser safe palette, 85
browsers, 84

C

cathode, 44
cathode ray tube, 43
CCD, 31-37
CCD imaging device, 32
CCD pixels, 32
cell, 54
Centronics, 53
channel stop, 32
charge transfer, 35
charge-coupled devices, 31-37
checkerboard, 112
chroma range, 28
chromatic aberration, 9
chrominance, 25
CIE, 5
CIE luminous efficiency function, 12
CIE XYZ model, 140-145
clocking the gates, 35
clustered dot ordered dither, 151
CMY model, 132-134
CMYK model, 135
color,
additive, 3, 4, 53, 72
complementary, 4
secondary, 5
subtractive, 3, 53, 72, 74
color models, 129-146
color plane, 53
color quantization, 159-164
color ramp, 42
colorant, 5, 53, 56
complementary color, 4
CompuServe, 81
cones, 9, 20, 71
connector, 40
continuous, 55
contrast, 11
control grid, 44, 47
copyright, 187
cornea, 9, 18
critical fusion frequency, 14
CRT, 43
custom palette, 83

D

DAC, 40
DAC width, 42
dark current, 35
data processing mode, 54, 61
daylight vision, 9
decay, 45
dental office, 19
descending, 61
DeskJet, 59
diffusion, 56
digital halftone, 147
digital to analog (DAC), 40
digitization, 93-94
direct color, 41
dither-free palette, 85
dithering, 83, 148
dithers, 149-152
donor, 56
dot mask, 50
dot thermal transfer, 56
DRAM, 40
drop-on-demand, 55
dye, 53
dye diffusion, 57
dye sub, 57
dye sublimation, 57
dynamic range, 8

E

electromagnetic energy, 2
electromagnetic spectrum, 2
electron beam, 44
electron gun, 44
electron stream, 44
electron-hole, 32
electrostatic, 55
EM, see electromagnetic energy
encoding, 32
Endless Summer, 94
equalization, 116
equi-energy light, 4
error diffusion, 83, 153-158
escape character, 58
escape sequence, 58
Eschback, Dr. Reiner, 157
excited phosphor, 45

F

face, 44
fair use, 187
Fechner’s paradox, 19
fields, 48
filter kernel, 98
flicker, 28
flickering, 14
flickering hazards, 14
Floyd Steinberg, 154, 156
focus, 45
footroom, 131
fovea, 9, 21
frame buffer, 40, 43
frame transfer, 36
frequency, 2, 87
front illumination, 35
Fujicopian Co., 57
full frame CCD, 36
fully saturated color, 4
fuser, 55
fusion frequency, 14

G

gamma correction, 50, 87, 88-91
gif, 81
GIF, 81, 82-85
Goertzel, Gerald, 157
Graphics Interchange Format, 81
graphics mode, 54
gray balance, 132

H

halftone, 147
headroom, 131
Heckbert, Paul, 159, 162
Hewlett-Packard, 55, 59, 66, 76, 133, 147
high dynamic range, 35
high-pass filter, 120
HIS model, 138-139
histogram, 94, 111-112, 163
histogram equalization, 116-117
histogram slide, 114-115
histogram stretch, 115-116
HLS model, 138-139
horizontal deflection, 46
horizontal synch, 46
HP, see Hewlett-Packard
HSB model, 136-137
HSI model, 139
HSL model, 138-139
HSV model, 136-137
Hubbell telescope, 13
hue discrimination, 28

I

IBM, 54, 59, 157
ideal colorant, 74
illuminant, 10
illumination source compensation, 14, 28
impact printer, 54
infrared, 17
ink, 53
ink gutter, 55
ink jet, 55
integration time, 32
intensity, 10
interlaced, 28, 48
invar, 50
iris, 18
iron, 50
irrelevant information, 95

J

jaggies, 94
Jarvis, Judice, and Ninke, 155
JFIF, 81
Joint Photographic Experts Group, 81
JPEG, 81, 82, 84-85
JPEG File Interchange Format, 81
jpg, 81

L

Laplacian filters, 125
L-cone, 9, 11-12
Leicester, Andrew, vs. Warner Brothers Studio, 182-184
Lempel-Ziv & Welsh, 81
lens, 7, 19
light, 1
additive, 72
equi-energy, 4
subtractive, 5, 74-76
visible, 7
light adaptation, 23
light adapted, 12
line spacing, 61
linearity, 47
look-up table, 88
lossless compression, 81
lossy compression, 81
low-pass filter 122
lumen, 11
luminance, 10
luminous efficiency function, 12
LUT, see look-up table
LZ77, 81
LZW, 79, 81

M

mapping function, 113
mask, 50
masking, 95, 103-106
Maxwell, James Clerk, 71
M-cone, 9, 11-12
media, 53
median, 127
median cut, 159, 162-163
median filter, 127
metamer, 6, 20
midpoint correction, 89
mode, 49, 58
models, 129
monitor, 43
monochromatic, 109
Mount Umunhum, 92

N

nanometers, 2
neural processing cells, 9
nickel, 50
night vision, 9
noise removal, 126
non-impact printer, 54
non-interlaced, 28, 48
non-spectral color, 4
non-vibrated, 55
normalization, 87-88
nozzle, 56

O

optic nerve, 7
ordered dither, 148

P

packed pixel, 41
palette, 40
palette registers, 41
pane, 56
parallel binning, 36
PCX, 77, 78-80
pels, 110
perception, 23
persistence, 45, 48
phosphor, 44
phosphors, 48
photoelectric effect, 32
photon, 2
photopic, 9, 20
photopic vision, 23
photosite, 32
piezoelectric, 55
pixel, 32
pixel shape, 49
pixels, 110
png, 81
PNG, 81
point operations, 113-117
polysilicon gate structures, 32
Portable Network Graphics, 81
primary color, 5
Principle of Refraction, 3
print head, 54
printer, 53
probability, 87, 94
progressive display, 83
Proprinter, 54, 60-63
pupil, 7, 18
Purkinje shift, 24

Q

QE, see quantum efficiency
quantization, 87, 91-93
color, 159-164
quantize, 92
quantum efficiency, 34

R

radiance, 10
random dither, 148
raster display, 43
realistic colorant, 75
receiver media, 57
refraction, 3
refresh, 47
removing noise, 126
retina, 7, 20, 71
retinal action time, 24
RGB model, 129-132
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame & Museum, 184-185
rods, 9, 20
run length encoding, 80

S

sample area, 32
satellites, 56
saturated color, 4
saturation, 35
scanline, 61
S-cone, 9, 11-12
scotopic vision, 23
screen refresh, 47
screen resolution, 41
SCSI, 53, 80
secondary color, 5
separations, 71
serial amplification, 34
serial binning, 36
serial register, 33
serpentine raster, 156
set of weighting coefficients, 98
shadow mask, 50
sharpening, 13, 25, 95, 100-103, 119-121
slew rate, 47, 50
slide, 114
Smith, Alvy Ray, 136
smoothing, 95, 97-100, 122
Snell, 3
softening compensation, 156
source compensation, 14
spatial filter, 117-119
spatial frequency, 95
spectral colors, 3
spectral response function, 11
spectral sensitivity function, 11
square pixel, 49
standard browser palette, 85
Stevenson and Arce, 155
stretch, 115
Stucki, 155
subtractive color, 3, 53, 72, 74
subtractive light, 5, 74-76
Super VGA, 39
sweep voltage, 46
system bus, 40

T

Tagged Information File Format, see TIFF
tap, 117
text mode, 58
thermal, 55
thermal dye diffusion, 57
thermal printer, 53
thermal wax, 56
Thompson, Gerald, 157
threshold modulation, 157
TIFF, 77
Treviranus, 20
tritanopes, 12

U

unbalanced gray, 132
uniform response, 35
Unisys Corp., 79
unsaturated color, 4
unsharp masking, 95, 103-106, 122
USGS, 92

V

variance, 126
VBE, 39
vertical deflection, 46
vertical synch, 46
VESA, 39
vibrated, 55
video adapter, 40
Video BIOS Extension, 39
Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA), 39
video mode, 40
video output signal, 47
Vietnam Women’s Memorial, 179-182
visible light, 7
visually lossless, 95
VRAM, 40

W

Warner Brothers Studio, 182-184
watt, 10
wave energy, 95
wave frequency, 94-95
wavelength, 2
Wedge, 94
weight, 117
weighting coefficients, 98
white point, 28
working range, 8, 25
Wu, Xiaolin, 159, 164

Y

Y'CbCr model, 135-136
yoke, 45
Young, Thomas, 10, 11, 27
Young-Helmholtz theory, 11, 27

Z

ZSoft, 77

Other Books from Wordware Publishing, Inc.

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The Companion CD

The companion CD-ROM contains source code in C, executable programs, and PCX images. The directory structure is as follows:

Source: Source code in C

Exe: Executable MS-DOS programs. Reboot Windows 95+ in MS-DOS mode for best results.

Images: PCX images. Most images are indexed color (256-color), but those with filenames ending in the letter “m” are 24-bit color.


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